| layers | lithosphere | crust |
| continental crust | granite | oceanic crust |
| basalt | magnetic patterns | mantle |
| Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) | asthenosphere | outer core |
| inner core | tectonic plates | continental drift |
| plate dynamics | convection | convective circulation |
| density | plate boundaries | convergent plate boundary |
| subduction | trench | island arc |
| divergent plate boundary | spreading center | mid-ocean ridge |
| mid-ocean rift | hot spot | transform plate boundary |
| passive margin | down-warping | deposition |
| depositional basin | earthquakes | fault |
| epicenter | focus | focal depth |
| seismic | seismic waves | seismometer |
| seismograph | compressional wave (P-wave) | shear wave (S-wave) |
| velocity | refraction | shadow zone |
| Ring of Fire | earthquake intensity | Richter scale |
| Mercalli scale | volcanoes | magma |
| lava | igneous rock | composite volcano |
| cinder cone | shield volcano | landforms |
| folded mountain range | fault block mountain range | volcanic mountain range |
| dome mountains | geologic hazard | tsunami |
| rock cycle | dynamic geologic system |
